Amphitheatre Pompeii The Amphitheatre of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheatre. It is situated in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 ad. It is located to the east of the city and the edge of the eruption. It measures 135m long and 104m wide, the arena's pit is measured at 6m below ground level and was built in 70 bc. Coordinates 40.751827,14.494962 Measurements 135m x 104m (341ft x 443ft) 76.2m x 38.1m ( 250ft x 125ft) Angled at 60° towards northwest Area π×341×443= 474578 π×250×125= 98175 474578× 98175= 46591695150 46591695150÷223= 208931368 π×341×450= 482077 482077× 98175= 47327909475 47327909475÷223= 212232777 Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches) Five Roman feet made the pace (passus), 1.48 metres (58.23 inches). If considering a standardised unit, the Roman foot was probably used here, making the above whole units in 5's as if a passus. If applying again, the amph

Author's note.

Were there is no intention to define history, a common theme of number usage runs through the monuments.
This is such that the theme can support a date along with the date being derived from the usage of an astrological alignment, mathematical usage, or cryptography on the monument.
Each falls into then out of favour throughout history until cryptography's use increases in about 1259 bc along with the use of all themes already conceived.
Cryptography has been used since Avebury was erected in about 2550 bc, where it defined primers and circle segments, and other stone circles used their stone's alignment at a certain angle to produce equations. The use of mathematical constants as a theme to a monument was particularly in favour from 2700 bc, before astrological alignments were favoured with the use of cup and ring marks giving way for lesser capable individuals to express their understanding onto stones.

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Bachwen Dolmen

Bachwen Dolmen The Bachwen Dolmen burial chamber is located near Clynnog-fawr, Caernarfon, Wales. A number of cupmarks exist on the monument, it is notably wedge shaped and with this points out to sea at an angle of 28° towards the northwest. The support stones support this wedge on the sides so are also at 28°, the elevation is 24m. Coordinates 53.018891,-4.375356 Possibilities There are three possible explanations for this chamber, (1) it is angled so as to align with the Major standstill or (2) it aligns with tilt and angle away for date or (3) two numbers are used and connects with a date. (1) The Major standstill is currently 28.725°, for it to be this, there must be a further stone to give Minor standstill, difference in between or 0.725° as it isn't measurable to that accuracy. (2) More likely it is maximum tilt 20° and 8° tilt for that year. 8÷1.55=5.1613 5.1613×1000=5161.3 5161.3-1985=3176.3 bc 8° equates as 3176 bc. (3) The only numbers used are 28 and 24, from

Queen's Chamber

Queen's Chamber Queen's Chamber Khufu's pyramid is below the King's chamber and is of a similar size and shape but with the difference that it includes a niche. The chamber is constructed of smaller blocks with the walls made up of six blocks high, and the niche is formed from a gap of these six block layers. The gap starts at three cubits wide and reduces to one cubit with an angle of 12°. It has been stated that Khufu's chamber sarcophagus which measures 0.987m high, 1.051m wide and 2.276m long and with a volume of 16.5 cubits³ or 2.36m³ is connected by volume to a circle, 2 cubits and the golden ratio but what is the Queen's Chamber connected to? Measurements Width 10 cubits=5.23m Length 11 cubits=5.756 Height 8.95 cubits=4.68m Total height 11.816 cubits=6.18m Entrance height/width 1.72m/1.046m Niche (various) 1.27m-0.523m Volume 140.88m³ 984.92 cubits³ 4975.35 ft³ Total height 6.18m ÷10= reciprocal of the golden ratio Door ratio

Castlelack Stone Row

Castlelack Stone Row Castlelack Stone Row or Castlenalacht Standing Stones are located by Castlenalact, Co. Cork, Ireland (or Castlelack). There are four stones in a row with a further stone 246m further north, the four in a row increase in size towards the east. Coordinates 51.798189,-8.745239 Stones The stones are aligned at 30° towards the northeast, and the stones stand at heights of 3.4m, 2.7m, 1.9m, and 1.9m. There are two further stones, one between the shorter stones but thought not to be original, and the other is 246m north as measured from one of the 1.9m stones and aligns north/south. The row is at an altitude of 143m, and the other stone further north is at 133m. Assuming the stones are 1m wide, then they are 2.5m apart. Measuring from this north/south alignment, then one short stone and the 2.7m stone are 2.5m away and give an angle of 0.582°, an area of 307m² and 494m perimeter. The other 3.4m tall stone is at an angle of 1.397°, an area of 738m² and perimeter of 498m.

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