Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are located in Alexandria, Egypt. Half a kilometer to the northeast is the Serapeum of Alexandria, which is another archaeological site in the area. The Serapeum of Alexandria is considered to have been built by the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. Coordinates 31.178942, 29.893170 Description The site is thought to date to the Hellenistic period, and Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultural attributes can be found throughout. The site is considered to have three levels dug into the rock, being up to 35 meters deep. The Catacombs consist of a triclinium, dining room, rotunda, Hall of Caracalla, and sarcophagi. The entrance is from the southeast side near the staircase at a 40° angle. The Catacombs' size is 25 metres by 50 metres. It is thought the site was an earlier burial ground where visitors brought clay pots of food for themselves, leaving the pots as they departed. Hence, this is where the name derived from. Analysis The tomb...
Paestum
Paestum is an archaeological site dominated by the three ancient Greek temples in the Doric order, dating from about 600 to 450 bc.
Given the name Poseidonia by the Greek colonists who founded the town, it was later conquered by the local Lucanians who renamed it Paistos and later conquered by the Romans in 273 bc who called it Paestum in the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War.
Poseidonia might have had a major share in a new foundation of Sybaris, which lasted from 452/1 bc until 446/5 bc.
The Dorian league was known for building the Parthenon and buildings in Selinunte, Sicily.
Temples
Paestum is an archaeological site dominated by the three ancient Greek temples in the Doric order, dating from about 600 to 450 bc.
Given the name Poseidonia by the Greek colonists who founded the town, it was later conquered by the local Lucanians who renamed it Paistos and later conquered by the Romans in 273 bc who called it Paestum in the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War.
Poseidonia might have had a major share in a new foundation of Sybaris, which lasted from 452/1 bc until 446/5 bc.
The Dorian league was known for building the Parthenon and buildings in Selinunte, Sicily.
Temples
Hera was the Queen of the Greek Gods, an older temple for Hera stood in Olympia Greece built in 590 bc but was destroyed by an earthquake (this is aligned at 3.97° anti-clockwise at maximum tilt, giving it a date of 576 bc).
There are two Hera Temples on the site. The northern one of the two is called the Temple of Neptune, and the Athena Temple is located by itself to the north.
Alignment
The two Hera Temples are both aligned at 3.46° anti-clockwise and Athena Temple at 2° anti-clockwise.
This gives a date of 250 bc for the Hera Temples and 694 ad for the Athena Temple.
Like the Sicilian town of Selinunte, Paestum was founded by the Greek Doric order, style attributed to them appearing in the temples.
Their temples also had a similar number of columns, and in that location, in particular, they are connected to 479 bc, which followed a year after the Carthaginians' invasion in 480 bc.
From Selinunte temples 'D' and 'O',' these correspond with the Athena Temple and the Temple of Neptune. The southern most temple is similar to Temple G.
Hera Temples
18 by 9 pillars (a ratio of 2:1)
14 by 6 pillars (a ratio of 2.33:1)
Athena Temple
13 by 6 pillars (a ratio of 2.16:1)
Paestum was renamed in 273 bc in the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War, where the Greek cities of Southern Italy submitted to Rome.
Alignment
The two Hera Temples are both aligned at 3.46° anti-clockwise and Athena Temple at 2° anti-clockwise.
This gives a date of 250 bc for the Hera Temples and 694 ad for the Athena Temple.
Like the Sicilian town of Selinunte, Paestum was founded by the Greek Doric order, style attributed to them appearing in the temples.
Their temples also had a similar number of columns, and in that location, in particular, they are connected to 479 bc, which followed a year after the Carthaginians' invasion in 480 bc.
From Selinunte temples 'D' and 'O',' these correspond with the Athena Temple and the Temple of Neptune. The southern most temple is similar to Temple G.
Hera Temples
18 by 9 pillars (a ratio of 2:1)
14 by 6 pillars (a ratio of 2.33:1)
Athena Temple
13 by 6 pillars (a ratio of 2.16:1)
Paestum was renamed in 273 bc in the aftermath of the Pyrrhic War, where the Greek cities of Southern Italy submitted to Rome.
This is more likely the alignment of the temples as 273 bc is equal to 3.5°. The difference here is 27 cms along its length. This would mean the temples were probably built around this date as a victory symbol and were located near to Beneventum, which saw the location of the Greek defeat.
Another possibility is that 3.46° (250 bc) is correct, but the building style remained the same as the Romans liked the Greek style of buildings copying them many times.
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