Skip to main content

Amphitheatre Pompeii

Amphitheatre Pompeii The Amphitheatre of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheatre. It is situated in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 ad. It is located to the east of the city and the edge of the eruption. It measures 135m long and 104m wide, the arena's pit is measured at 6m below ground level and was built in 70 bc. Coordinates 40.751827,14.494962 Measurements 135m x 104m (341ft x 443ft) 76.2m x 38.1m ( 250ft x 125ft) Angled at 60° towards northwest Area π×341×443= 474578 π×250×125= 98175 474578× 98175= 46591695150 46591695150÷223= 208931368 π×341×450= 482077 482077× 98175= 47327909475 47327909475÷223= 212232777 Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches) Five Roman feet made the pace (passus), 1.48 metres (58.23 inches). If considering a standardised unit, the Roman foot was probably used here, making the above whole units in 5's as if a passus. If applying again, the amph

Pyramid connections

Pyramid connections
CC BY-SA 3.0






It has been suggested that the Egyptians like connecting their buildings, monuments, and pyramids by angles, ratios, and maximum tilt, but are there any more?


With Khufu's pyramid and using
half base perimeter ÷ height =π
½ base÷h=π
(0.004 off and in metres) this can be shown that if this ratio means anything then it can be shown that the actual height of Khufu's pyramid was only 139m and was never 146.7m (whole perimeter=error×2).

The ratio error equals 0.1778 and converted into kms/° equals 19.765kms. This distance has already been shown to be the Red pyramid's distance (235m short if not measured from centre).
The pyramids have angles of 20°, 21° and 23° (with Giza) with the angles from the bent pyramid at 19°, 20° and 21° (with Giza, and at a distance of 22kms). (This error number in metres is also the width of Khufu's lower south shaft at 0.1778m)

It has already been shown that they were linking pyramids, so increasing the importance of the old and the new.
The Sphinx is 243 years from east/west at maximum tilt and thus keeping the importance the link is the error ratio which is derived from a ratio/2 of aligning the constellation of Orion (24.3m). 
They then carried this through to building something at the area that aligns with Baalbek and Jerusalem (possibly no longer existing, although they might have built the base in both).

Menkaure's pyramid also links in a number of ways (making it offset from Orion)
(1) with the total heights × royal cubit - 200 (((125+276+274)×0.523)-200) (this number also gives the separation distance and hence 24.3m) and
(2) the angle produced by rotating the constellation 180° is 15.59°+180° and 19.75°+180° thus producing two different widths at 192.5° of 199 and 195 cubits. (Some have considered this a construction anomaly) Thus the use of π and it's error rather then coincidentally just very near was that they were building pyramids and if an error occurred they would offset it into the construction of another but one angle of connection wouldn't be enough.

Another error ratio link that occurs in Khufu's pyramid is height ÷ half base width in metres.
h÷½ base width=φ
this equals the root of the golden ratio. 
A ratio that already links the slopes to Khafre's pyramid and a π circle to a φ circle.
146.7÷115.2=√φ with an error off of 0.00143 with 146.6m equalling 0.
(146.6=280.31 cubits)
(With the base being more accurately measured √φ×115.15=146.472 which equals 280.06 cubits in height).

The use of the heights between 139m and 146.6m are equal to Khufu's pyramid shaft width, with the height 146.472m equal to zero in a triangle ratio.
For the base × √φ to equal height, the slope would be 0.04° less.
51.827−51.867=0.04°
This would affect the connections between the slopes and, at slope length, would be 13 cms less.

This is not the only pyramid that doesn't have a peak and so there could be two different answers with a possibility of Khufu's being constructed without a peak.

Another ratio is half perimeter ÷ height.
½ perimeter÷h
(The use of π in these suggests half a circle, and 2π suggests a 360° circle, but the errors double in size. Different heights are included).

Khafre
Perimeter 1646.2715 (860.99m)
Height 274.3785
Ratio 6.0

143.5m
(1646.2715÷2)÷274.3785=3.0-π=0.1415917424 (in cubits/m)
136.4m
((1646.2715×0.523)÷2)÷(136.4)=3.1561583376−π=0.01456568

Khufu
Perimeter (230.253+230.454 +230.391+230.357)=921.455m
Cubits 1761.864 (1761.864÷2)÷(275.9655) =3.192−π=0.05
Ratio 6.384

265×0.523=138.6
(921.455÷2)÷138.6=3.324
3.324−π=0.1827

275.9655×0.523=144.33m
(921.455÷2)÷144.33
3.1922−π=0.0506

280×0.523=146.4m
(921.455÷2)÷146.4=3.1462
3.1462−π=0.00459

Although the difference between measured and expected 0.0506−0.00495=0.04565 the 275 measured height is near to the separation angle in Khufu's pyramid (being half way between 0.05 and 0.052).
Khafre's pyramid 260 cubits (136.4m) very near = 1-1.0145°.
Considering that all pyramids are already linked together by the star separation of Orion and error in rotation both ways, Khafre's pyramid needn't link any further.

Khufu's slope is linked with the error of Menkaure's pyramid positioning. Menkaure's slope is linked to the cubit. Khafre's slope is linked to the root of the golden ratio and separation angle. π linking to φ through a volumetric shape with ratio √φ, this also links to Khafre's slope.

This ratio linking with π but through the measured height of 275 cubits in Khufu's pyramid demonstrates that if it is connected with π, it is more likely the measured height of 275 cubits that is the correct measure along with the shorter one of 265.4 cubits.

With Khafre's pyramid, the ratio of the heights shows that the taller measured along with the shorter Khufu's is the correct height, giving the important separation distance, Menkaure's pyramid position relies on this separation distance. (((125+276+274.4)×0.523)-200)=153.2 cubits
As opposed to (((125+276+265.4)×0.523)−200)=148.5 cubits

Menkaure's pyramid 195/200 cubits half base ÷ height
(195÷2)÷125=0.78
(200÷2)÷125=0.8

The difference produces 0.02 half perimeter ÷ height
(390)÷125=3.12
(395)÷125=3.16

Using the two numbers, both tall and short, in Khufu's pyramid gives 0.1827 error ratio.
This is very nearly equal to the lower south shaft width (the difference being 0.005 or 5mm). The 274.4 cubits produce numbers that don't connect, but this, along with 275.9655 cubits for Khufu's pyramid, must be used or considered. These different heights should then be used as heights for Khufu's, with the last 7.6m not built on.
(The varying height could include this small but important variation)

The difference of 4.5m in measurement could be explained as a possible altar or platform. It has been suggested that what appearance is correct for one must be for the other.
Menkaure's pyramid numbers seem not to link to π until you add them together and divide by 2.
π=180° and 2π equal to 360°.
This doesn't suggest these are the only interpretations but most likely with what they would have chosen as opposed to guessing. 


Bent Pyramid 
Connection with the Bent pyramid with slopes and differences.
43.36667-54.46222=11.095
43.36667÷11.095=3.9
54.46222÷11.095=4.9

The difference divided from the slopes produces a difference of 1, usually a ratio, but using a ratio equation with these slopes. (1+√(43.36667)÷(1−√(54.46222))=0.0322 0.0322÷1.55=0.0207796
1000×0.0207796=20.78

One possibility of interpretation is 20kms away and 0.78, a ratio of Menkaure's pyramid. The Bent pyramid was built just before Khufu's by Sneferu. 
Symbolically, the use of pi suggests never ending and pi in construction ratios as it links with a pi circle to a golden ratio circle by root of the golden ratio. The use of pi in pyramids suggests an error ratio that gives the correct measurements.


Pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza 

Archeology77 ©

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Bachwen Dolmen

Bachwen Dolmen The Bachwen Dolmen burial chamber is located near Clynnog-fawr, Caernarfon, Wales. A number of cupmarks exist on the monument, it is notably wedge shaped and with this points out to sea at an angle of 28° towards the northwest. The support stones support this wedge on the sides so are also at 28°, the elevation is 24m. Coordinates 53.018891,-4.375356 Possibilities  There are three possible explanations for this chamber, (1) it is angled so as to align with the Major standstill or (2) it aligns with tilt and angle away for date or (3) two numbers are used and connects with a date. (1) The Major standstill is currently 28.725°, for it to be this, there must be a further stone to give Minor standstill, difference in between or 0.725° as it isn't measurable to that accuracy. (2) More likely it is maximum tilt 20° and 8° tilt for that year. 8÷1.55=5.1613 5.1613×1000=5161.3 5161.3-1985=3176.3 bc 8° equates as 3176 bc. (3) The only numbers used are 28 and 24, from

Queen's Chamber 

Queen's Chamber Queen's Chamber Khufu's pyramid is below the King's chamber and is of a similar size and shape but with the difference that it includes a niche. The chamber is constructed of smaller blocks with the walls made up of six blocks high, and the niche is formed from a gap of these six block layers. The gap starts at three cubits wide and reduces to one cubit with an angle of 12°. It has been stated that Khufu's chamber sarcophagus which measures 0.987m high, 1.051m wide and 2.276m long and with a volume of 16.5 cubits³ or 2.36m³ is connected by volume to a circle, 2 cubits and the golden ratio but what is the Queen's Chamber connected to? Measurements Width 10 cubits=5.23m Length 11 cubits=5.756 Height 8.95 cubits=4.68m Total height 11.816 cubits=6.18m Entrance height/width 1.72m/1.046m Niche (various) 1.27m-0.523m Volume 140.88m³ 984.92 cubits³ 4975.35 ft³ Total height 6.18m ÷10= reciprocal of the golden ratio Door ratio

Castlelack Stone Row 

Castlelack Stone Row  Castlelack Stone Row or Castlenalacht Standing Stones are located by Castlenalact, Co. Cork, Ireland (or Castlelack). There are four stones in a row with a further stone 246m further north, the four in a row increase in size towards the east. Coordinates 51.798189,-8.745239 Stones The stones are aligned at 30° towards the northeast, and the stones stand at heights of 3.4m, 2.7m, 1.9m, and 1.9m. There are two further stones, one between the shorter stones but thought not to be original, and the other is 246m north as measured from one of the 1.9m stones and aligns north/south. The row is at an altitude of 143m, and the other stone further north is at 133m. Assuming the stones are 1m wide, then they are 2.5m apart. Measuring from this north/south alignment, then one short stone and the 2.7m stone are 2.5m away and give an angle of 0.582°, an area of 307m² and 494m perimeter. The other 3.4m tall stone is at an angle of 1.397°, an area of 738m² and perimeter of 498m.