Amphitheatre Pompeii The Amphitheatre of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheatre. It is situated in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 ad. It is located to the east of the city and the edge of the eruption. It measures 135m long and 104m wide, the arena's pit is measured at 6m below ground level and was built in 70 bc. Coordinates 40.751827,14.494962 Measurements 135m x 104m (341ft x 443ft) 76.2m x 38.1m ( 250ft x 125ft) Angled at 60° towards northwest Area π×341×443= 474578 π×250×125= 98175 474578× 98175= 46591695150 46591695150÷223= 208931368 π×341×450= 482077 482077× 98175= 47327909475 47327909475÷223= 212232777 Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches) Five Roman feet made the pace (passus), 1.48 metres (58.23 inches). If considering a standardised unit, the Roman foot was probably used here, making the above whole units in 5's as if a passus. If applying again, the amph
Pyramid connections
With Khufu's pyramid and using
The ratio error equals 0.1778 and converted into kms/° equals 19.765kms. This distance has already been shown to be the Red pyramid's distance (235m short if not measured from centre).
The use of the heights between 139m and 146.6m are equal to Khufu's pyramid shaft width, with the height 146.472m equal to zero in a triangle ratio.
For the base × √φ to equal height, the slope would be 0.04° less.
51.827−51.867=0.04°
This would affect the connections between the slopes and, at slope length, would be 13 cms less.
This is not the only pyramid that doesn't have a peak and so there could be two different answers with a possibility of Khufu's being constructed without a peak.
Another ratio is half perimeter ÷ height.
It has been suggested that the Egyptians like connecting their buildings, monuments, and pyramids by angles, ratios, and maximum tilt, but are there any more?
With Khufu's pyramid and using
half base perimeter ÷ height =π
½ base÷h=π
(0.004 off and in metres) this can be shown that if this ratio means anything then it can be shown that the actual height of Khufu's pyramid was only 139m and was never 146.7m (whole perimeter=error×2).
The ratio error equals 0.1778 and converted into kms/° equals 19.765kms. This distance has already been shown to be the Red pyramid's distance (235m short if not measured from centre).
The pyramids have angles of 20°, 21° and 23° (with Giza) with the angles from the bent pyramid at 19°, 20° and 21° (with Giza, and at a distance of 22kms).
(This error number in metres is also the width of Khufu's lower south shaft at 0.1778m)
It has already been shown that they were linking pyramids, so increasing the importance of the old and the new.
It has already been shown that they were linking pyramids, so increasing the importance of the old and the new.
The Sphinx is 243 years from east/west at maximum tilt and thus keeping the importance the link is the error ratio which is derived from a ratio/2 of aligning the constellation of Orion (24.3m).
They then carried this through to building something at the area that aligns with Baalbek and Jerusalem (possibly no longer existing, although they might have built the base in both).
Menkaure's pyramid also links in a number of ways (making it offset from Orion)
(1) with the total heights × royal cubit - 200 (((125+276+274)×0.523)-200) (this number also gives the separation distance and hence 24.3m) and
(2) the angle produced by rotating the constellation 180° is 15.59°+180° and 19.75°+180° thus producing two different widths at 192.5° of 199 and 195 cubits. (Some have considered this a construction anomaly) Thus the use of π and it's error rather then coincidentally just very near was that they were building pyramids and if an error occurred they would offset it into the construction of another but one angle of connection wouldn't be enough.
(1) with the total heights × royal cubit - 200 (((125+276+274)×0.523)-200) (this number also gives the separation distance and hence 24.3m) and
(2) the angle produced by rotating the constellation 180° is 15.59°+180° and 19.75°+180° thus producing two different widths at 192.5° of 199 and 195 cubits. (Some have considered this a construction anomaly) Thus the use of π and it's error rather then coincidentally just very near was that they were building pyramids and if an error occurred they would offset it into the construction of another but one angle of connection wouldn't be enough.
Another error ratio link that occurs in Khufu's pyramid is height ÷ half base width in metres.
h÷½ base width=φ
this equals the root of the golden ratio.
A ratio that already links the slopes to Khafre's pyramid and a π circle to a φ circle.
146.7÷115.2=√φ with an error off of 0.00143 with 146.6m equalling 0.
(146.6=280.31 cubits)
(With the base being more accurately measured √φ×115.15=146.472 which equals 280.06 cubits in height).
146.7÷115.2=√φ with an error off of 0.00143 with 146.6m equalling 0.
(146.6=280.31 cubits)
(With the base being more accurately measured √φ×115.15=146.472 which equals 280.06 cubits in height).
The use of the heights between 139m and 146.6m are equal to Khufu's pyramid shaft width, with the height 146.472m equal to zero in a triangle ratio.
For the base × √φ to equal height, the slope would be 0.04° less.
51.827−51.867=0.04°
This would affect the connections between the slopes and, at slope length, would be 13 cms less.
This is not the only pyramid that doesn't have a peak and so there could be two different answers with a possibility of Khufu's being constructed without a peak.
Another ratio is half perimeter ÷ height.
½ perimeter÷h
(The use of π in these suggests half a circle, and 2π suggests a 360° circle, but the errors double in size. Different heights are included).
Khafre
Perimeter 1646.2715 (860.99m)
Height 274.3785
Ratio 6.0
143.5m
(1646.2715÷2)÷274.3785=3.0-π=0.1415917424 (in cubits/m)
136.4m
((1646.2715×0.523)÷2)÷(136.4)=3.1561583376−π=0.01456568
Khufu
Perimeter (230.253+230.454 +230.391+230.357)=921.455m
Cubits 1761.864 (1761.864÷2)÷(275.9655) =3.192−π=0.05
Ratio 6.384
265×0.523=138.6
(921.455÷2)÷138.6=3.324
Khafre
Perimeter 1646.2715 (860.99m)
Height 274.3785
Ratio 6.0
143.5m
(1646.2715÷2)÷274.3785=3.0-π=0.1415917424 (in cubits/m)
136.4m
((1646.2715×0.523)÷2)÷(136.4)=3.1561583376−π=0.01456568
Khufu
Perimeter (230.253+230.454 +230.391+230.357)=921.455m
Cubits 1761.864 (1761.864÷2)÷(275.9655) =3.192−π=0.05
Ratio 6.384
265×0.523=138.6
(921.455÷2)÷138.6=3.324
3.324−π=0.1827
275.9655×0.523=144.33m
(921.455÷2)÷144.33
3.1922−π=0.0506
280×0.523=146.4m
275.9655×0.523=144.33m
(921.455÷2)÷144.33
3.1922−π=0.0506
280×0.523=146.4m
(921.455÷2)÷146.4=3.1462
3.1462−π=0.00459
Although the difference between measured and expected 0.0506−0.00495=0.04565 the 275 measured height is near to the separation angle in Khufu's pyramid (being half way between 0.05 and 0.052).
Although the difference between measured and expected 0.0506−0.00495=0.04565 the 275 measured height is near to the separation angle in Khufu's pyramid (being half way between 0.05 and 0.052).
Khafre's pyramid 260 cubits (136.4m) very near = 1-1.0145°.
Considering that all pyramids are already linked together by the star separation of Orion and error in rotation both ways, Khafre's pyramid needn't link any further.
Khufu's slope is linked with the error of Menkaure's pyramid positioning. Menkaure's slope is linked to the cubit. Khafre's slope is linked to the root of the golden ratio and separation angle. π linking to φ through a volumetric shape with ratio √φ, this also links to Khafre's slope.
This ratio linking with π but through the measured height of 275 cubits in Khufu's pyramid demonstrates that if it is connected with π, it is more likely the measured height of 275 cubits that is the correct measure along with the shorter one of 265.4 cubits.
Considering that all pyramids are already linked together by the star separation of Orion and error in rotation both ways, Khafre's pyramid needn't link any further.
Khufu's slope is linked with the error of Menkaure's pyramid positioning. Menkaure's slope is linked to the cubit. Khafre's slope is linked to the root of the golden ratio and separation angle. π linking to φ through a volumetric shape with ratio √φ, this also links to Khafre's slope.
This ratio linking with π but through the measured height of 275 cubits in Khufu's pyramid demonstrates that if it is connected with π, it is more likely the measured height of 275 cubits that is the correct measure along with the shorter one of 265.4 cubits.
With Khafre's pyramid, the ratio of the heights shows that the taller measured along with the shorter Khufu's is the correct height, giving the important separation distance, Menkaure's pyramid position relies on this separation distance.
(((125+276+274.4)×0.523)-200)=153.2 cubits
As opposed to (((125+276+265.4)×0.523)−200)=148.5 cubits
Menkaure's pyramid 195/200 cubits half base ÷ height
(195÷2)÷125=0.78
(200÷2)÷125=0.8
The difference produces 0.02 half perimeter ÷ height
(390)÷125=3.12
(395)÷125=3.16
Using the two numbers, both tall and short, in Khufu's pyramid gives 0.1827 error ratio.
As opposed to (((125+276+265.4)×0.523)−200)=148.5 cubits
Menkaure's pyramid 195/200 cubits half base ÷ height
(195÷2)÷125=0.78
(200÷2)÷125=0.8
The difference produces 0.02 half perimeter ÷ height
(390)÷125=3.12
(395)÷125=3.16
Using the two numbers, both tall and short, in Khufu's pyramid gives 0.1827 error ratio.
This is very nearly equal to the lower south shaft width (the difference being 0.005 or 5mm). The 274.4 cubits produce numbers that don't connect, but this, along with 275.9655 cubits for Khufu's pyramid, must be used or considered. These different heights should then be used as heights for Khufu's, with the last 7.6m not built on.
(The varying height could include this small but important variation)
The difference of 4.5m in measurement could be explained as a possible altar or platform.
It has been suggested that what appearance is correct for one must be for the other.
Menkaure's pyramid numbers seem not to link to π until you add them together and divide by 2.
π=180° and 2π equal to 360°.
This doesn't suggest these are the only interpretations but most likely with what they would have chosen as opposed to guessing.
Bent Pyramid
Connection with the Bent pyramid with slopes and differences.
43.36667-54.46222=11.095
43.36667÷11.095=3.9
54.46222÷11.095=4.9
The difference divided from the slopes produces a difference of 1, usually a ratio, but using a ratio equation with these slopes. (1+√(43.36667)÷(1−√(54.46222))=0.0322 0.0322÷1.55=0.0207796
1000×0.0207796=20.78
One possibility of interpretation is 20kms away and 0.78, a ratio of Menkaure's pyramid. The Bent pyramid was built just before Khufu's by Sneferu.
This doesn't suggest these are the only interpretations but most likely with what they would have chosen as opposed to guessing.
Bent Pyramid
Connection with the Bent pyramid with slopes and differences.
43.36667-54.46222=11.095
43.36667÷11.095=3.9
54.46222÷11.095=4.9
The difference divided from the slopes produces a difference of 1, usually a ratio, but using a ratio equation with these slopes. (1+√(43.36667)÷(1−√(54.46222))=0.0322 0.0322÷1.55=0.0207796
1000×0.0207796=20.78
One possibility of interpretation is 20kms away and 0.78, a ratio of Menkaure's pyramid. The Bent pyramid was built just before Khufu's by Sneferu.
Symbolically, the use of pi suggests never ending and pi in construction ratios as it links with a pi circle to a golden ratio circle by root of the golden ratio. The use of pi in pyramids suggests an error ratio that gives the correct measurements.
Pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza
Archeology77 ©
Pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza
Archeology77 ©
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