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Showing posts from April, 2020

Amphitheatre Pompeii

Amphitheatre Pompeii The Amphitheatre of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheatre. It is situated in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 ad. It is located to the east of the city and the edge of the eruption. It measures 135m long and 104m wide, the arena's pit is measured at 6m below ground level and was built in 70 bc. Coordinates 40.751827,14.494962 Measurements 135m x 104m (341ft x 443ft) 76.2m x 38.1m ( 250ft x 125ft) Angled at 60° towards northwest Area π×341×443= 474578 π×250×125= 98175 474578× 98175= 46591695150 46591695150÷223= 208931368 π×341×450= 482077 482077× 98175= 47327909475 47327909475÷223= 212232777 Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches) Five Roman feet made the pace (passus), 1.48 metres (58.23 inches). If considering a standardised unit, the Roman foot was probably used here, making the above whole units in 5's as if a passus. If applying again, the amph

Moel Tŷ Uchaf 

Moel Tŷ Uchaf Moel Tŷ Uchaf is a monument near Corwen, Wales, and could date to about 1800 bc. The circle is 12 metres in diameter, and Moel Tŷ Uchaf is also the name of the hill on which the circle is located. Of the 41 stones on the circumference, one further stone is at stone 'ten' anti-clockwise (inside), and one stone is at 'eleven' clockwise (outside), making 43 in total. The outside stone makes an angle of 19° with the centre and the inside stone an angle of 50°. The stones can be considered as split 34/7 or 41/7, the latter is considered as the seven is separate but not minus making it a part of it, this then gives the number 5.857. This number produces a possible date along with the width from a 45 ft width. 41÷7=5.857 5.857÷1.55=3.778 3.778×1000=3778 3778-1985=1793 bc Width 1200÷30.48=39.37 39.37-45=5.6299 5.6299÷1.55=3.632 3.632×1000=3632 3632-1985=1647 bc Stones Using the angle of 6° (5.857°) clockwise, the following are produced

Castlerigg Stone Circle 

Castlerigg Stone Circle Castlerigg stone circle near Keswick in Cumbria. It is possibly connected with a Neolithic/early Bronze Age Langdale axe industry and a location for trade. It is currently owned and managed by English Heritage, the circle is centred in the Lake district between passes and thought to align with solstices and sunrise. The circle measures 32.6 m (107 ft) at its widest and 29.5 m (97 ft) at its narrowest, the official number or stones stand at 40, on their model stone circle there are 37 stones on the circumference and a further 10 inside. The angles 48°/42° (used for primers) and 74° are used. Primers are derived from using the angles joining stones together. Usually, two stones on the same line equals 1 or 2, and only one equals 0 or 1. Here two are 1 and one is 0. 74° clockwise 48° anti-clockwise Primers 1-1-1 0 1--11111 1---1-- X Dashes as 0, 1 as 1 with groups. =21×(100+5) =1000/100/x Using the numbers derived from above, these confirm

Scorhill Stone Circle

Scorhill Stone Circle Scorhill Stone Circle in Dartmoor is also known as Gidleigh Stone Circle or Steep Hill Stone Circle. The circle is approximately 27 metres (89 feet) in diameter, and the stones vary in height from 0.85 metres (2 feet 9 inches) to 2.25 metres (7 feet 5 inches), with there being 23 currently standing stones and 11 recumbent. Using the number of stones, which also gives the angle two measurements are made, one clockwise and the other anti-clockwise. 23 stones 0,0,3,0,0,2,2,0,2,0,0,2,0,0,0,2 2,2,2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0 There are a number of different ways of analysing the numbers. Using the differences in angles until they reduce to a number or coordinate, an example is using the partially buried stones and measuring their angles along with their differences. 33,14,12,16,70,25 109,2,118,94,95 107,116,24,1 9,92,23 83,69 14 Alternatively, the two rows are split so as the number two appears along one side. 0,0,3,0,0, 2, 2,0, 2,0,0, 2,0

Pantheon

Pantheon Pantheon in Rome, Italy, is thought to have been commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus but was completed by the emperor Hadrian. Various additions were added from the original construction in 27 bc, but it is said to have burned down at least once, with further restoration work in the 20th century, including a metal reinforced roof. Coordinates 41.898611, 12.476813 It can be said that the surface area of a sphere has the same surface area of a cylinder with the same radius. The surface of the cylinder can be said to be at a ratio of 3:2 of that of a sphere along with its volume. If the Pantheon is in the volume of a sphere, then its floor area would be the cross section of a sphere or one side of a cylinder (1526m²). Facade Width 116.74×30.48=35.58m Side 47.78×30.48=14.56m Area 518.2m² Pantheon Surface Area 4πr² Sphere 4×π×22.04²=6104m² Cylinder 9156-3052=6104m² Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches)

Monte d'Accoddi

Monte d'Accoddi Monte d'Accoddi northern Sardinia was said to be constructed by the Ozieri culture in the early 4th millennia bc. It was reconstructed in the 1980s and is managed by I Beni Culturali della Sardegna. Offset by 9° north and east with the pyramid shape about 21m by 21m with its base larger and more rectangular. The shape and its pathway suggest a platform or alter possibly for religious use. A number of stones have been removed from the east and may have been used for other builds, although in reconstruction the east face wasn't repaired or wasn't considered as a pyramid shape platform but local tourist information shows a platform where a wooden building was constructed. The 9° could suggest a north/south alignment. This would equate to 3755 bc and would support the dating. In this case, the platform would have aligned north/south when built. They would have understood the use of a gnomon, and with that, it would have astrological capabilities.

Queen's Chamber 

Queen's Chamber Queen's Chamber Khufu's pyramid is below the King's chamber and is of a similar size and shape but with the difference that it includes a niche. The chamber is constructed of smaller blocks with the walls made up of six blocks high, and the niche is formed from a gap of these six block layers. The gap starts at three cubits wide and reduces to one cubit with an angle of 12°. It has been stated that Khufu's chamber sarcophagus which measures 0.987m high, 1.051m wide and 2.276m long and with a volume of 16.5 cubits³ or 2.36m³ is connected by volume to a circle, 2 cubits and the golden ratio but what is the Queen's Chamber connected to? Measurements Width 10 cubits=5.23m Length 11 cubits=5.756 Height 8.95 cubits=4.68m Total height 11.816 cubits=6.18m Entrance height/width 1.72m/1.046m Niche (various) 1.27m-0.523m Volume 140.88m³ 984.92 cubits³ 4975.35 ft³ Total height 6.18m ÷10= reciprocal of the golden ratio Door ratio

Nabta Playa

Nabta Playa neolithic site or not? Nabta Playa is a neolithic, bronze age stone circle constructed in the Nubian Desert. The use of smaller stones suggested the remoteness and lack of wood even when constructed. Inclusion of carved stones on the site suggests the age. Also, there is a buried stone, which some suggest is in the shape of a cow but could also be axe shaped. This was above a curved circular stone when constructed. This was carved from the bed rock and remains there since it was carved. After construction cattle and a funeral near the site occurred, small stones were used when marking constellations around the burials. Coordinates 22.521142°N, 30.732299°E Possible analysis A technique that uses an averaging method to derive a root is used. The method is made up of 2 numbers. An example is used with numbers. √22= √16=4+((22-16)÷(4×2))=0.75 =4.75 This is applied to the numbers derived from the rotational angle 20°. The addition of the two angles obtained ad

Dolmen Ouest de la Croix

Dolmen Ouest de la Croix Coordinates  47.765484, -1.989342 Dolmen Ouest de la Croix is not far from the Dolmen de Tréal which is about 1km away towards the northwest in Bretagne, France. With this monument, it is known that it started as a neolithic dolmen most probably facing towards the southwest. It was probably a sculptured dolmen that represented a rock formation with a sunken Cairn, judging by the stones available, these are currently shaped in a semi circle facing south with a wooden footpath from the southwest and is about it's orientation when built. This dolmen could of been dismantled and moved by owners of the Chateau du Val which is only 700m away soon after it was built in the 16th century as it was on their land but finding the stones of the dolmen far too cumbersome they just dismantled them. This was possibly due to it being near to their eastern road. The Dolmen de Tréal is still mostly intact and about the same distance away but in woodland. Les Land

Khufu's Chamber

Khufu's Chamber Although the ancient Egyptians used cubits, they also used whole units and feet, but a standardized unit of a cubit could be carried through to most builds. With the King's Chamber in Khufu's pyramid, it shows that the room was built in cubits, but the measurements were made in metres. The sarcophagus height connects with the shafts, and the passage connects with the width and the length with a ratio. It is also possible with standardization that the sarcophagus was cut from a standard size block, which may have been there or brought in. Dimensions 10 wide (royal cubits) 20 long 10.2 high The ratio of the room is 2:1, as 1 cubit is 0.523m, then 2 cubits is 1.046m, the volume would be 2042 cubits³ or 292m³ If the room is five blocks high, then each block is 1.07m high and not 1.046m (2 cubits) as might have been expected, a difference of 2 cms more per block. Assuming height is 5.33m and it isn't inaccurately measured, then the number is p