Amphitheatre Pompeii The Amphitheatre of Pompeii is the oldest surviving Roman amphitheatre. It is situated in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and was buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 ad. It is located to the east of the city and the edge of the eruption. It measures 135m long and 104m wide, the arena's pit is measured at 6m below ground level and was built in 70 bc. Coordinates 40.751827,14.494962 Measurements 135m x 104m (341ft x 443ft) 76.2m x 38.1m ( 250ft x 125ft) Angled at 60° towards northwest Area π×341×443= 474578 π×250×125= 98175 474578× 98175= 46591695150 46591695150÷223= 208931368 π×341×450= 482077 482077× 98175= 47327909475 47327909475÷223= 212232777 Roman Units The Roman cubit (cubitum) was 1½ Roman feet (17.48 inches) Five Roman feet made the pace (passus), 1.48 metres (58.23 inches). If considering a standardised unit, the Roman foot was probably used here, making the above whole units in 5's as if a passus. If applying again, the amph
Pyramids - Khufu's
It has been shown that the ancient Egyptians in 2589 bc understood surface rotation at the equator. For this to be accurate, the correct circumference would have to be ascertained along with a time measurement.
Although it is normal today to use seconds, did the ancient Egyptians use them, and could they have then applied this to Khufu's pyramid in the use of [base perimeter ÷ 12 hours]?
Base perimeter x 12 hours
921.2×43200=39795
This is equal to 279.16kms short of circumference.
In the following example, it is shown that this number could just be used as 279.16 and added directly to 39795, giving 39795.84+279.16=40075.
This equates as
base perimeter × 12hrs÷1000 + Khufu's height=circumference
This would then connect 12 hours, accurate base and circumference of 40075 (today's number), with height being 279.16 or 280.
Eliptic ratio
The following shows if they wanted to use 43200 (12hrs) they could connect it to their eliptic ratio but the circumference still would have to be increased, here using the pyramid's height (for each version) rather than base perimeter. (Heights variations are from measured and predicted).
138.8m
138.8+40075=40213.8
40213.8÷43200=0.930875
Convert to metres
0.930875×1000=930.875m
143.5m
40218.5112÷43200=0.9309
0.9309×1000=930.98m
146.4m
40221.4÷43200=0.93105
0.93105×1000=931.05m
The measurements have shown that the shafts in the pyramid connect with the shorter height but all heights link with the eliptic radius (in metres and distance to Khafre's pyramid) to within 17.5cms, using (circumference+height)÷12hrs (43200 seconds) ×1000.
The difference in circumference needed for these numbers was the use of converting height in metres directly to kilometres (similar as with the others).
So
146.4m=146.4kms
146.4kms + 40075kms=40221.4km
Base perimeter
For the base perimeter ÷12hrs=circumference
[Circumstance÷12 hrs=base]
the circumference would have to be measured at 39800kms and not 40075 km. This is a reduction off the circumference by 275kms and 421kms short if including Khufu's height.
0.4651×(86400−230)=40075
The reduction shows that 86400 seconds doesn't represent a day, but it is 86164.5 seconds = one day (235.5s shorter), sidereal rotation period.
A 40075 km circumference + (235.5 seconds × 0.4651) = 40184.64kms
40184.64−40075=109.64
40184.64÷43200×1000=930.2
This, though, gives a number 0.8 short of eliptic ratio and added height of only 109.64m.
This 0.8 as 0.8 ratio could have been included into Menkaure's pyramid ratio as base ÷ height as a sign of connecting an error into another pyramid.
The 109.64 is another error
146.4−109.64=36.76
represents a difference of 25.1% of the overall height, which might have equated to the Queen's chamber positioning but 25.1% off the surface.
Base Perimeter ×%
Khufu's pyramid perimeter could also be used along with the ratio of circumference divided by 922.704km, giving 1/43.432. Multiplying by 1000 increases it to 43432 and using this number instead of 43200.
Multiplying by perimeter gives a number near polar circumference, and adding 360 as one rotation gives a ratio 931.
40075÷922.704=43.432
43.432×1000=43432
921.2×43432=40009.56
(40075+360)÷43432=931
This also involves adding to the circumference but not using height, polar circumference is 2.56km off but this connects with Khufu's pyramid entrance which faces north and the small golden ratio were the number 922.704km is derived from.
The difference of perimeter subtracted from baseline gives 1.504km, dividing by 1000 equals 1 metre + 1 cubit - 1.912 cms.
This 0.504 number also connects Menkaure's pyramid slope with the other slopes and the cubit (0.504+0.01912=0.523).
Conclusion
Using seconds in a sidereal day didn't quite equal 931. It was the suggested height of Khufu's pyramid in metres converted directly to kms. This in itself produces another error. By using the 146.4m (4 cms short of 280 cubits), not only does it give 931 as eliptic radius and slope distance but also leaves 0.05 the separation distances between those two pyramids. The sidereal day also reduces the circumference to 39678kms and increases the difference to 388km.
With these in mind, it is the 931 along with width of a side that matters and not seconds for 12 hours, connecting with Khafre's pyramid with not only the separation distance but vertical displacement of Orion.
However, a small variation in this case might have been acceptable as all heights were also very near the ratio 931.
In the building, they found that the size that connects with the Sphinx has a ratio that is 931 (a number otherwise not connected).
For the following to be correct, it would tie the height to 279.16,
[base perimeter × 12hrs + Khufu's height=circumference]
the problem is that the base perimeter was measured in metres and this number is cubits also it is shown that though there are various heights for Khufu's pyramid it is exactly 280 cubits which is the correct number, a number near to 0.8m off.
This variation reduces to 146m but equals 931.4 as ratio.
The Sidereal rotation period is 235.5s, but a rough estimate is 230s, which might have been used to determine base size. Using reduced values for a day increases the 931 ratio to 933 and 935.
Although at the equator, the circumference is 40075km, it is 34707km at 29.97°.
40075 × cos(30) = 34705.968km
The equatorial rotation is 0.4651km/s if the valve is multiplied by two
0.4651×2=0.9302km/ 2 seconds
(0.9302×43200=40184.64)
So a new distance is not using base perimeter and height, but 2s of equatorial rotation multiplied by a day in 2s measurements.
86400÷2=43200
235.5×0.4651=109.53
40075+109.53=40184.53
40184.53÷43200×1000=930.2
So these seem to achieve 0.8 off 931 ratio with the [equatorial rotation x 2] and [circumference plus equatorial rotation x sidereal day difference].
To connect time with the build, they used [2 seconds of equatorial rotation] and [circumference plus 1 x 235.5].
(1 sidreal day is 3 minutes 55.5 seconds less but to them 3 minutes 27.75 seconds).
The use of seconds as an equivalent of today's valve would have been used in their construction but in an alternative possibility the use of 12hrs or half base is not their measure at 1s time intervals but it is actually equal to a unit of 2 seconds duration.
[circumference + height/ seconds in day]
(40075+146.4)÷(43200)=931.05
Or
(40075+280)÷(43200+(235.5÷1.618))×1000=931
With this they could include an accurate measure for the circumference, time intervals and correct pyramid height with the number connecting with the base perimeter x 43200 - circumference (using metres and kms for their measurements and cubits as an alternative).
This would also not affect their build as it already connected with Orion's separation distances, the Sphinx, and the area available to them.
(The article regarding the 'speed of light' suggests they understood 1 second timing even if their devices were not accurate enough for this measure)
Archeology77 ©
Although it is normal today to use seconds, did the ancient Egyptians use them, and could they have then applied this to Khufu's pyramid in the use of [base perimeter ÷ 12 hours]?
Base perimeter x 12 hours
921.2×43200=39795
This is equal to 279.16kms short of circumference.
In the following example, it is shown that this number could just be used as 279.16 and added directly to 39795, giving 39795.84+279.16=40075.
This equates as
base perimeter × 12hrs÷1000 + Khufu's height=circumference
This would then connect 12 hours, accurate base and circumference of 40075 (today's number), with height being 279.16 or 280.
Eliptic ratio
The following shows if they wanted to use 43200 (12hrs) they could connect it to their eliptic ratio but the circumference still would have to be increased, here using the pyramid's height (for each version) rather than base perimeter. (Heights variations are from measured and predicted).
138.8m
138.8+40075=40213.8
40213.8÷43200=0.930875
Convert to metres
0.930875×1000=930.875m
143.5m
40218.5112÷43200=0.9309
0.9309×1000=930.98m
146.4m
40221.4÷43200=0.93105
0.93105×1000=931.05m
The measurements have shown that the shafts in the pyramid connect with the shorter height but all heights link with the eliptic radius (in metres and distance to Khafre's pyramid) to within 17.5cms, using (circumference+height)÷12hrs (43200 seconds) ×1000.
The difference in circumference needed for these numbers was the use of converting height in metres directly to kilometres (similar as with the others).
So
146.4m=146.4kms
146.4kms + 40075kms=40221.4km
Base perimeter
For the base perimeter ÷12hrs=circumference
[Circumstance÷12 hrs=base]
the circumference would have to be measured at 39800kms and not 40075 km. This is a reduction off the circumference by 275kms and 421kms short if including Khufu's height.
0.4651×(86400−230)=40075
The reduction shows that 86400 seconds doesn't represent a day, but it is 86164.5 seconds = one day (235.5s shorter), sidereal rotation period.
A 40075 km circumference + (235.5 seconds × 0.4651) = 40184.64kms
40184.64−40075=109.64
40184.64÷43200×1000=930.2
This, though, gives a number 0.8 short of eliptic ratio and added height of only 109.64m.
This 0.8 as 0.8 ratio could have been included into Menkaure's pyramid ratio as base ÷ height as a sign of connecting an error into another pyramid.
The 109.64 is another error
146.4−109.64=36.76
represents a difference of 25.1% of the overall height, which might have equated to the Queen's chamber positioning but 25.1% off the surface.
Base Perimeter ×%
Khufu's pyramid perimeter could also be used along with the ratio of circumference divided by 922.704km, giving 1/43.432. Multiplying by 1000 increases it to 43432 and using this number instead of 43200.
Multiplying by perimeter gives a number near polar circumference, and adding 360 as one rotation gives a ratio 931.
40075÷922.704=43.432
43.432×1000=43432
921.2×43432=40009.56
(40075+360)÷43432=931
This also involves adding to the circumference but not using height, polar circumference is 2.56km off but this connects with Khufu's pyramid entrance which faces north and the small golden ratio were the number 922.704km is derived from.
The difference of perimeter subtracted from baseline gives 1.504km, dividing by 1000 equals 1 metre + 1 cubit - 1.912 cms.
This 0.504 number also connects Menkaure's pyramid slope with the other slopes and the cubit (0.504+0.01912=0.523).
Conclusion
Using seconds in a sidereal day didn't quite equal 931. It was the suggested height of Khufu's pyramid in metres converted directly to kms. This in itself produces another error. By using the 146.4m (4 cms short of 280 cubits), not only does it give 931 as eliptic radius and slope distance but also leaves 0.05 the separation distances between those two pyramids. The sidereal day also reduces the circumference to 39678kms and increases the difference to 388km.
With these in mind, it is the 931 along with width of a side that matters and not seconds for 12 hours, connecting with Khafre's pyramid with not only the separation distance but vertical displacement of Orion.
However, a small variation in this case might have been acceptable as all heights were also very near the ratio 931.
In the building, they found that the size that connects with the Sphinx has a ratio that is 931 (a number otherwise not connected).
For the following to be correct, it would tie the height to 279.16,
[base perimeter × 12hrs + Khufu's height=circumference]
the problem is that the base perimeter was measured in metres and this number is cubits also it is shown that though there are various heights for Khufu's pyramid it is exactly 280 cubits which is the correct number, a number near to 0.8m off.
This variation reduces to 146m but equals 931.4 as ratio.
The Sidereal rotation period is 235.5s, but a rough estimate is 230s, which might have been used to determine base size. Using reduced values for a day increases the 931 ratio to 933 and 935.
Although at the equator, the circumference is 40075km, it is 34707km at 29.97°.
40075 × cos(30) = 34705.968km
The equatorial rotation is 0.4651km/s if the valve is multiplied by two
0.4651×2=0.9302km/ 2 seconds
(0.9302×43200=40184.64)
So a new distance is not using base perimeter and height, but 2s of equatorial rotation multiplied by a day in 2s measurements.
86400÷2=43200
235.5×0.4651=109.53
40075+109.53=40184.53
40184.53÷43200×1000=930.2
So these seem to achieve 0.8 off 931 ratio with the [equatorial rotation x 2] and [circumference plus equatorial rotation x sidereal day difference].
To connect time with the build, they used [2 seconds of equatorial rotation] and [circumference plus 1 x 235.5].
(1 sidreal day is 3 minutes 55.5 seconds less but to them 3 minutes 27.75 seconds).
The use of seconds as an equivalent of today's valve would have been used in their construction but in an alternative possibility the use of 12hrs or half base is not their measure at 1s time intervals but it is actually equal to a unit of 2 seconds duration.
[circumference + height/ seconds in day]
(40075+146.4)÷(43200)=931.05
Or
(40075+280)÷(43200+(235.5÷1.618))×1000=931
With this they could include an accurate measure for the circumference, time intervals and correct pyramid height with the number connecting with the base perimeter x 43200 - circumference (using metres and kms for their measurements and cubits as an alternative).
This would also not affect their build as it already connected with Orion's separation distances, the Sphinx, and the area available to them.
(The article regarding the 'speed of light' suggests they understood 1 second timing even if their devices were not accurate enough for this measure)
Archeology77 ©
Comments
Post a Comment