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Showing posts from February, 2021

Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa

Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are located in Alexandria, Egypt. Half a kilometer to the northeast is the Serapeum of Alexandria, which is another archaeological site in the area. The Serapeum of Alexandria is considered to have been built by the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. Coordinates 31.178942, 29.893170 Description The site is thought to date to the Hellenistic period, and Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultural attributes can be found throughout. The site is considered to have three levels dug into the rock, being up to 35 meters deep. The Catacombs consist of a triclinium, dining room, rotunda, Hall of Caracalla, and sarcophagi. The entrance is from the southeast side near the staircase at a 40° angle. The Catacombs' size is 25 metres by 50 metres. It is thought the site was an earlier burial ground where visitors brought clay pots of food for themselves, leaving the pots as they departed. Hence, this is where the name derived from. Analysis The tomb...
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Xochicalco

Xochicalco Xochicalco is a pre-Columbian archaeological site in Miacatlán Municipality in the Mexican state of Morelos.  The site was first occupied by 200 bc but did not develop into an urban centre until the Epiclassic period 700-900 ad. Nearly all the standing architecture at the site was built at this time. At it's peak the city may have had a population of up to 20000 people. The site was said to be destroyed around 900 ad and later colonised with Nahuatl-speaking Tlahuica people. Teotihuacan and Maya art are abundant and may have been included from 1200 ad onwards. Coordinates 18.803524,-99.297428 Description The northern buildings are at 15°, the western buildings at 12° with the southern buildings at 0°. At least two ball courts exists, one aligned at 12° and one at 0°, the largest building is the Pyramid of the Stele and Chamber of the Scarifice which is on a six layer platform and has seven layers. In front of the Pyramid of the S...
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Tikal Temples

Tikal Temples Tikal Temples are a group of major structures at Tikal. This is one of the largest cities and archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is located in the Petén Basin region of northern Guatemala. Tikal Temple I on the site is also known as the Temple of the Great Jaguar. It is a typically Petén-styled limestone stepped pyramid structure that is dated to approximately 732 ad. Coordinates 17.221118,-89.625168 On site, there are the following buildings Mundo Perdido or The Lost World, Seven Temples, Palacio de las Acanaladuras, and North Acropolis, Tikal. The temples are numbered up to 5 as Temple of the Great Jaguar (temple 1), Temple of the Masks (temple 2) Tikal Temple III (temple 3), Templo de la Sepiente Bicefala (temple 4) and Tikal Temple V (temple 5). Temple angles and separation distances Temple I is at 3° Temple II is at 12° and 255 ft Temple III is at 15° and 500 ft Temple IV ...
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Norte Chico pyramid

Norte Chico pyramid The Caral Civilization or Norte Chico Civilization was a complex pre-Columbian-era society with thirty major population centres in the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. The civilization flourished between the 4th-2nd of millennia bc, with the formation of the first city generally dated to around 3500 bc at Huaricanga in the Fortaleza area, this lasted until a period of decline around 1800 bc. Since the early 21st century, it has been established as the oldest-known civilization in the Americas. In archaeological nomenclature, Norte Chico is a pre-ceramic culture of the pre-Columbian Late Archaic. Their culture has been categorised as containing no ceramics goods or art. This culture is then defined by it's architecture which includes large earthwork platform mounds and sunken circular plazas. Coordinates -10.892049,-77.525186 On the main site at Caral,...
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Monte Alban

Monte Albán Monte Albán is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Municipality in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. The city was established in 500 bc, and the city's peak was betwee n 100 bc - 200 ad with further use of the site until 1521 ad. The site is attributed to the Middle Preclassic to Terminal Classic, it is an artificially leveled ridge of an elevation of 1.94kms above sea level, the Atzompa and El Gallo hills sites at 68° north 4.375kms distance from Monte Albán are considered connected. On site their are two main platforms, which are known as the north platform and south platform. In between these are the Plaza Central and El Palacio. There are multiple buildings on site in addition to these which include tombs to the north, Juego de Pelota (ball court) to the east, a building known as pyramid P with an altar in front also to the east and a building known as Edificio J which is angled ...
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Temple of Hephaestus

Temple of Hephaestus   The Temple of Hephaestus, also known as the Theseion , is a temple located in Athens, Greece . The temple is from the Doric order of Greek temples similar to the one at Paestum . It is situated on the northwest side of the  Agora of Athens , on top of the Agoraios Kolonos hill . Construction started in 449 bc and was completed in 415 bc, similar to the Parthenon , which was started in 447 bc and completed in 432 bc. Coordinates 37.975698,23.721334 Analysis The angle of the temple is 13° towards the northwest with the number of pillars as 6 by 13 (total 34). If using the completion date of 415 bc, then the tilt angle would be 3.72°. This angle can be converted into a fraction with a base of 25 (this could be considered as 5²).  415 bc = 3.72° or 3×(18/25) or (93/25) Length temple 13.71m by 31.78m (30.19 by 70 Greek (megalithic) cubics 0.45405) Area temple 435.7m² (2113 cubits²) Length base 37m by 15m (81.5 by 33 Greek (megalithic) ...
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