Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are located in Alexandria, Egypt. Half a kilometer to the northeast is the Serapeum of Alexandria, which is another archaeological site in the area. The Serapeum of Alexandria is considered to have been built by the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. Coordinates 31.178942, 29.893170 Description The site is thought to date to the Hellenistic period, and Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultural attributes can be found throughout. The site is considered to have three levels dug into the rock, being up to 35 meters deep. The Catacombs consist of a triclinium, dining room, rotunda, Hall of Caracalla, and sarcophagi. The entrance is from the southeast side near the staircase at a 40° angle. The Catacombs' size is 25 metres by 50 metres. It is thought the site was an earlier burial ground where visitors brought clay pots of food for themselves, leaving the pots as they departed. Hence, this is where the name derived from. Analysis The tomb...
Selinunte
Selinunte was an ancient Greek city founded in 628 bc.
A number of temples were built there through its peak in 409 bc until being abandoned in 250 bc.
Currently, Temple E, as it is named, is the best preserved, followed by Temple C, Temple di Segesta in the north of the island is also preserved. Due to Sicily's turbulent history, these temples were probably built just before 250 and just after 250 bc.
Assuming measurements were made east/west for the year of build, then accurate measurements of their angle would be required as they are all almost at the same angle.
Temple E
Assuming 409 bc (3.7°) was peak, the temple is angled at 3.82° giving a date of 479 bc. Assuming they could calculate the equatorial circumference at 40075, then the circumference at this latitude would be 31756kms.
Dividing the circumference by the temple's length would give a number of 360.
cos(37.586)×40075=31756.98kms
31756.98÷88.2=360°
Temple E (3.82°)
Latitude
27.9m/2.79m
Longitude
5.89m/88m
Although a 0.2m shorter base measure at 87.8m could also equal 360° but from a latitude of 37.9395°.
This would put the measurement in the north of the island at the Temple di Segesta and Porta a Valle at 31605kms.
Temple E facade would measure at 28.04m, length multiplied width equates to 2473 or 488 bc.
With the number 360 suggests a possible pi ratio, if the length is divided by width, there is a difference of 0.004.
88.2÷28.04=3.1455
By using a different temple length like 87.8 then this difference quickly increases (these measurements are from the base, and using any other dimensions give different numbers).
This angle difference of 0.01395° could just be an error as it is 24 cms at 1km or 6.8mm at 28.04m, and this could be within the error for accurate measurements.
Temple di Segesta
Temple di Segesta is in the north of the island and measures 77.04 x 26.42m.
Temple di Segesta (4.467°)
Latitude
6m/76.81m
Longitude
3.12m/26.23m
The ratio for this temple produces a number of 2.92, divided by e and multiplied by the angle, then multiplied by 1000, equals 479.
2.92÷e=1.0727
4.467×1.0727=4.792
4.782×1000=479
The buildings in the north of the island consist of the Temple di Segesta, Porta a Valle, and L'Agora di Segeata.
Also, there are the Teatro di Segesta, Medievale e Castello, and Terrazza del L'Agora di Segesta.
Dates
This suggests that these are copies of earlier temples built after the Carthaginians' invasion in 480 bc. A number of 479 bc would put it after the war, but due to measurements, a further 33.25 years would be subtracted from this number, giving a year of 445 bc.
Between this date and 409 bc, a total of five temples were probably built, being Temples A,B,C,F, and G.
Temple M could have been built in the reign of Cleomenes I, along with other smaller buildings.
Teatro di Segesta, Medievale e Castello and Terrazza del L'Agora di Segesta in the north of the island were built much later, and a number of these other buildings could have been build by Agathocles of Syracuse.
All other temples with measurements along with the number of pillars if available.
Temple A
(14/6 pillars)
Temple B (8.4 x 4.6m)
(4 pillars)
Temple C
(17/6 pillars)
Temple D
(13/6 pillars)
Temple O (40.23 x 16.23m)
(14/6 pillars)
Temple E (25.33 x 67.82m)
(15/6 pillars)
Temple F
(15/6 pillars)
Temple G
(17/8 pillars)
Temple M
(4 pillars)
In 445 bc Pericles declared a 'Thirty Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta, this possibly marked the temple building, being aligned to the earlier date.
In 409 bc, the Carthaginians invaded Sicily in the Battle of Selinus, Second Sicilian War. At this time, they had seige weapons like catapults and probably used them to lay waste to the temples.
In 250 bc, during the First Punic War, the city was destroyed. From then on, including the Servile Wars, it was governed by the Romans and finally by Sextus Pompey who built a number of the buildings. This possibly included the amphitheatre in Segesta (Teatro di Segesta), whose stone resembled several buildings in Pompeii in the 1st century bc.
A number of earthquakes also occurred with any temples staying intact after Pompey probably succumbed to them.
Selinunte (Temple E)
Archeology77 ©
Selinunte was an ancient Greek city founded in 628 bc.
A number of temples were built there through its peak in 409 bc until being abandoned in 250 bc.
Currently, Temple E, as it is named, is the best preserved, followed by Temple C, Temple di Segesta in the north of the island is also preserved. Due to Sicily's turbulent history, these temples were probably built just before 250 and just after 250 bc.
Assuming measurements were made east/west for the year of build, then accurate measurements of their angle would be required as they are all almost at the same angle.
Temple E
Assuming 409 bc (3.7°) was peak, the temple is angled at 3.82° giving a date of 479 bc. Assuming they could calculate the equatorial circumference at 40075, then the circumference at this latitude would be 31756kms.
Dividing the circumference by the temple's length would give a number of 360.
cos(37.586)×40075=31756.98kms
31756.98÷88.2=360°
Temple E (3.82°)
Latitude
27.9m/2.79m
Longitude
5.89m/88m
Although a 0.2m shorter base measure at 87.8m could also equal 360° but from a latitude of 37.9395°.
This would put the measurement in the north of the island at the Temple di Segesta and Porta a Valle at 31605kms.
Temple E facade would measure at 28.04m, length multiplied width equates to 2473 or 488 bc.
With the number 360 suggests a possible pi ratio, if the length is divided by width, there is a difference of 0.004.
88.2÷28.04=3.1455
By using a different temple length like 87.8 then this difference quickly increases (these measurements are from the base, and using any other dimensions give different numbers).
This angle difference of 0.01395° could just be an error as it is 24 cms at 1km or 6.8mm at 28.04m, and this could be within the error for accurate measurements.
Temple di Segesta
Temple di Segesta is in the north of the island and measures 77.04 x 26.42m.
Temple di Segesta (4.467°)
Latitude
6m/76.81m
Longitude
3.12m/26.23m
The ratio for this temple produces a number of 2.92, divided by e and multiplied by the angle, then multiplied by 1000, equals 479.
2.92÷e=1.0727
4.467×1.0727=4.792
4.782×1000=479
The buildings in the north of the island consist of the Temple di Segesta, Porta a Valle, and L'Agora di Segeata.
Also, there are the Teatro di Segesta, Medievale e Castello, and Terrazza del L'Agora di Segesta.
Dates
This suggests that these are copies of earlier temples built after the Carthaginians' invasion in 480 bc. A number of 479 bc would put it after the war, but due to measurements, a further 33.25 years would be subtracted from this number, giving a year of 445 bc.
Between this date and 409 bc, a total of five temples were probably built, being Temples A,B,C,F, and G.
Temple M could have been built in the reign of Cleomenes I, along with other smaller buildings.
Teatro di Segesta, Medievale e Castello and Terrazza del L'Agora di Segesta in the north of the island were built much later, and a number of these other buildings could have been build by Agathocles of Syracuse.
All other temples with measurements along with the number of pillars if available.
Temple A
(14/6 pillars)
Temple B (8.4 x 4.6m)
(4 pillars)
Temple C
(17/6 pillars)
Temple D
(13/6 pillars)
Temple O (40.23 x 16.23m)
(14/6 pillars)
Temple E (25.33 x 67.82m)
(15/6 pillars)
Temple F
(15/6 pillars)
Temple G
(17/8 pillars)
Temple M
(4 pillars)
In 445 bc Pericles declared a 'Thirty Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta, this possibly marked the temple building, being aligned to the earlier date.
In 409 bc, the Carthaginians invaded Sicily in the Battle of Selinus, Second Sicilian War. At this time, they had seige weapons like catapults and probably used them to lay waste to the temples.
In 250 bc, during the First Punic War, the city was destroyed. From then on, including the Servile Wars, it was governed by the Romans and finally by Sextus Pompey who built a number of the buildings. This possibly included the amphitheatre in Segesta (Teatro di Segesta), whose stone resembled several buildings in Pompeii in the 1st century bc.
A number of earthquakes also occurred with any temples staying intact after Pompey probably succumbed to them.
Selinunte (Temple E)
_18.JPG#mw-jump-to-license){kind=link}
Archeology77 ©
Comments
Post a Comment