Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are located in Alexandria, Egypt. Half a kilometer to the northeast is the Serapeum of Alexandria, which is another archaeological site in the area. The Serapeum of Alexandria is considered to have been built by the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. Coordinates 31.178942, 29.893170 Description The site is thought to date to the Hellenistic period, and Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultural attributes can be found throughout. The site is considered to have three levels dug into the rock, being up to 35 meters deep. The Catacombs consist of a triclinium, dining room, rotunda, Hall of Caracalla, and sarcophagi. The entrance is from the southeast side near the staircase at a 40° angle. The Catacombs' size is 25 metres by 50 metres. It is thought the site was an earlier burial ground where visitors brought clay pots of food for themselves, leaving the pots as they departed. Hence, this is where the name derived from. Analysis The tomb...
Brochs
Brochs were used as dwellings and were initially a design used in Denmark in the Iron Age. They evolved from a one-story stone building of loosely aligned stones, which in turn evolved from wooden structures.
Romans
Before the Roman invasion of Britain, settlers in the north were of Scandinavian origin, while settlers in the east were mostly farmers from mainland Europe. These brochs, which were built by the Danes or Picts from Denmark and Norway, could be located in many areas around the northern coasts. There are a large number of brochs located on the east coast of the Highlands in Scotland.
Brochs were used as dwellings and were initially a design used in Denmark in the Iron Age. They evolved from a one-story stone building of loosely aligned stones, which in turn evolved from wooden structures.
Romans
Before the Roman invasion of Britain, settlers in the north were of Scandinavian origin, while settlers in the east were mostly farmers from mainland Europe. These brochs, which were built by the Danes or Picts from Denmark and Norway, could be located in many areas around the northern coasts. There are a large number of brochs located on the east coast of the Highlands in Scotland.
Along with the main building structure of a broch, further outbuildings were built to house animals and food stocks.
Vikings
There was a slow progression of settlers onto the British mainland until the 8th/9th century AD when the Vikings emerged, and many more locations on the mainland were settled by them. These locations would have been sites that were settled before, given the similarity of buildings in Denmark to buildings there.
Harald I Fairhair, the first King of Norway, who reigned from Audunborg Castle, would have chosen the locations of settlements in Shetland and Orkney, along with locations in Denmark. (Harald I Fairhair's castle is now only a ruin at Jølster, with the nearby Avaldsnes Kongsgård Castle at Karmøy being built for his sons.)
Vikings
There was a slow progression of settlers onto the British mainland until the 8th/9th century AD when the Vikings emerged, and many more locations on the mainland were settled by them. These locations would have been sites that were settled before, given the similarity of buildings in Denmark to buildings there.
Harald I Fairhair, the first King of Norway, who reigned from Audunborg Castle, would have chosen the locations of settlements in Shetland and Orkney, along with locations in Denmark. (Harald I Fairhair's castle is now only a ruin at Jølster, with the nearby Avaldsnes Kongsgård Castle at Karmøy being built for his sons.)
Also around this time, the Normans emerged in France and collaborated with the Vikings to resettle the mainland.
Shetland
The Broch of Mousa on Shetland is one of the few nearly intact buildings remaining. The buildings themselves contained a staircase that ran between the two walls joining the levels, and a wooden roof completed the structure. These differ from Bronze Age buildings at Jarlshof, which were built by the Scandinavians who also built in Orkney. Brochs varied from 5 to 10 meters tall with 3-meter-thick walls as the main structure and smaller roofed buildings around the main structure, which were used as outbuildings.
Scandinavian
Scandinavian buildings could have walls of similar thickness, but the structure was backfilled stone walls with a wooden roof. For the Bronze Age, the main buildings were used for living as well as cooking, and toilets were also located there. Outbuildings housed animals and stored food. As locations were chosen for their strategic purposes, like harbours and proximity to farmland and timber, settlements were reused by other settlers in different eras, and the reuse could explain inaccuracies in dating.
Broch
Harald Fairhair
Archeology77 ©
Shetland
The Broch of Mousa on Shetland is one of the few nearly intact buildings remaining. The buildings themselves contained a staircase that ran between the two walls joining the levels, and a wooden roof completed the structure. These differ from Bronze Age buildings at Jarlshof, which were built by the Scandinavians who also built in Orkney. Brochs varied from 5 to 10 meters tall with 3-meter-thick walls as the main structure and smaller roofed buildings around the main structure, which were used as outbuildings.
Scandinavian
Scandinavian buildings could have walls of similar thickness, but the structure was backfilled stone walls with a wooden roof. For the Bronze Age, the main buildings were used for living as well as cooking, and toilets were also located there. Outbuildings housed animals and stored food. As locations were chosen for their strategic purposes, like harbours and proximity to farmland and timber, settlements were reused by other settlers in different eras, and the reuse could explain inaccuracies in dating.
Broch
Harald Fairhair
Archeology77 ©
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