Archeology77

Neolithic Tombs of Sardinia These are so-called megalithic gallery graves that feature stone cairns built during the Bronze Age. Sardinia was populated by the Nuragic civilization from about 1800 bc and Ozieri culture in 3200-2800 bc. Giant's grave at Arzachena, Coddu Vecchiu, Lu Brandali, and Li Lolghi stay in better condition than tombs like Giant's grave of S'Arena which are in disrepair. These tombs are thought to be built by the Nuragic civilization, which were the same people who built the Nuraghes. Coddu Vecchiu As with other tombs, the facade is curved. This curve could be considered as part of a circle with a radius 13m in front of it. There are no centres for these circles, so their angle with the horizon is measured. In this tomb, for accuracy, it is the small back stone that aligns with the entrance. This is at 3° and could equate to 49 bc. The tomb is about 10m long and 3° at 10m in a triangle, which gives a side of 0.524m. At pi, it is 0.549m. ...

Selinunte Selinunte was an ancient Greek city founded in 628 bc. A number of temples were built there through its peak in 409 bc until being abandoned in 250 bc. Currently, Temple E, as it is named, is the best preserved, followed by Temple C, Temple di Segesta in the north of the island is also preserved. Due to Sicily's turbulent history, these temples were probably built just before 250 and just after 250 bc. Assuming measurements were made east/west for the year of build, then accurate measurements of their angle would be required as they are all almost at the same angle. Temple E Assuming 409 bc (3.7°) was peak, the temple is angled at 3.82° giving a date of 479 bc. Assuming they could calculate the equatorial circumference at 40075, then the circumference at this latitude would be 31756kms. Dividing the circumference by the temple's length would give a number of 360. cos(37.586)×40075=31756.98kms 31756.98÷88.2=360° Temple E (3.82°) Latitude 27.9m/2.79m L...

Possible Neolithic Stone Circle In Neolithic times, it was normal to erect various stones, which would have meanings for altitude, location, or points of interest. As it approached towards the Bronze Age, a common building structure would be that of a circle. These would have astrological, astronomical, and mathematical connections. Because of the size and weight of these structures, they would require a large group of people who wanted to spend time erecting them. These circles and structures were rarely copied, with each having a different meaning, although with a common theme, they could include similar numbers but positioned differently. Along these lines, a possible Neolithic structure could appear as the following. The measurements are connected to gravity, obliquity, escape velocity, and 10. The 10 gives a multiplcation of that factor with the other numbers measured in metres and scaled appropriately. 9.81 m/s gravity 11426 m/s escape velocity These measurements...

Dolmen di Sa Coveccada and Perdas Fittas Both of these stone monuments are on Sardinian and were constructed in the neolithic to bronze age. Dolmen di Sa Coveccada is a monument thought to be a tomb where the dead would be laid to rest after a ritual and was thought to be connected with Ozieri culture from the Neolithic 3500-2900 bc until being dated more recent. The monument is aligned at 31° towards the south, in about 2700 bc this would be aligned at 23.75°, coincidentally it is also aligned at 8.5° to Gravinis and to maximum tilt which might have been a construction consideration. Construction  As with most neolithic builds stones are stood up vertically then a cap stone is positioned with the soil being dug away, some of these stone monuments of this shape are considered to be communication devices using methane/air mixtures which were more in use in Neolithic times. The fact that this was dated as newer means that it was probably an early bronze age construction copy...

Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England , two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury . Originally, the structure would have had a ring of stones on the outside row with larger stones in a circle on the inside. A portion of these stones still stands. The rough size of these stones is 4m tall by 2m wide by 0.5/0.75m thick. Other points of interest in the area include several hundred tumuli, which are burial mounds, including Stonehenge Cursus and Lesser Woodhenge , not far from the site. Coordinates  51.178662,-1.826174 Neolithic   Stonehenge could have initially been a marker direction point, possibly standing upright from the Neolithic, and one of many erected. These, for the Neolithic people , marked points of interest, altitude, or settlement locations. Stonehenge Cursus and Lesser date to the Neolithic 4600 BC and most probably are a representation of the channel's Hurd Deep , with Stonehenge dating to 2500 BC. Bronze Age In about 3100/2900 BC, ...

Creevykeel Court Tomb Coordinates 54.438770,-8.433698 Creevykeel Court Tomb This is a court tomb located in Count Sligo, Ireland. There are a number of monuments in the area and are suggested to date to 3500bc. According to some, the monument isn’t connected astronomically. This could be partly due to its irregular shape but could be similar to Drombeg Stone Circle, which has been shown that stellar objects connect with the stone holes or gaps. If this is applied to Creevykeel, it could be suggested that the middle is a binary with two stars of equal distance away. The west face is curved with the 16° entrance. The rooms probably fit star locations and shape with two units being separate. This means that the intention is a +16° declination off the surface towards a group of 4/5 stars or separate astronomical objects. The large area is said to have been used as a meeting area but could also represent a clear area amongst the stars, leaving the four rooms to line up with these sta...

Drombeg Stone Circle Drombeg Stone Circle, also known as The Druid's Altar, is a stone circle near Glandore, County Cork, Ireland. There are actually three circular structures and multiple individual stones on site. Representation  This is most probably a representation of tilt and obliquity designed into a number of stone circles judging by its angle of 36° and thus could date to about 600 bc. They needn't be forward aligned as a path from the third is equal to it's orientation which also happens to be east/west. Description  Also known as The Druid's Altar, 9.3m across and 36° towards southwest. There are 17 stones in the large circle with 1 lying on its side, an angle of 36° that aligns it towards the horizontal line, and from the double circle, a 2-4° line aligns towards this line. They intersect about 20m from smaller double to 25m from the larger. An exit from the third structure aligns east/west, it contains two rectangular slots, and the whole area contai...

Phaistos Phaistos is the site of a former Minoan palace on Crete dating to 1850 bc. Of the sites dating to 1850 bc Phaistos remains with the fewest standing buildings. The site is said to have been inhabited as early as 4500-3200 bc, and these settlements were succeeded by the Prepalatial period 3200-1900 bc. Between 1900-1700 bc, the palace was rebuilt three times, then in 1700 bc destroyed by an earthquake with its ruins covered in a thick deposit of lime mixed with clay and pebbles. A new palace was built on this but also destroyed in 1450 bc. The palace wasn't rebuilt, but the surrounding area continued to be inhabited. Unlike Phaistos, no such fate reached Knossos, but the city was abandoned between 1380-1100 bc. Symbolism The Phaistos Disc found at this location depicts mainly Mediterranean imagery. It was said to be found in the basement of the northern group of the palace in undisturbed material. Construction symbols on the stones of the palace have no connection wi...

Kakku Pagoda Mwe Taw Kakku Pagoda was founded by the Buddhist missionaries of the Indian emperor Ashoka, in the 3rd century bc. There is a similarity of style from the newer and older Pagodas from other sites. Two white pagodas are much larger than the others, with a third outside of the complex known as Shwesandaw Pagoda. They most probably are representative and symbolic of events that occurred. This could have been the Pagan Dynasty unifying Burma in the 17 and 18th centuries with the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in 11/12th century. Most pagodas at Kakku were built in the 17th and 18th century, the shape of the site and the largest pagoda were built in the 12th century during the reign of Alaungsithu, King of Bagan. The 2478 pagodas are said to take the shape of 'Buddha’s footprint'. The site has a cross shape at 8.5° with the horizon, 10° with vertical, and an internal cross at 4.5°, dating to 1200. By the shape formed and date, the difference in angle is 1.22°...

Dolmens of Spain How a group of dolmens in southern Spain separated by 300kms are all connected by the same theme but not date. Below, they are listed with their attributes and reasons what they are and their connection with each other. Dolmen de Soto +12°- +7° is 60m diameter (200 ft) with a 21.5m long passage way, 1.45m at entrance to 3m at peak. There are 63 stones internally split 30/33, but a further 3 stones are at locations 8.5 stones along on either side and one at 13.5 along nearer the southern side. This is probably a representation of Mt.Vesuvius with it's small hint of a pentagon shape (this volcano probably erupted in 25th century bc), it's caldera forms a similar shape but currently the extra stones which could represent features don’t coincide with anything. Although there is an entrance, it is 139° off Dolmen de Soto's entrance. Dolmen de Guadalperal -15° is 56.25m (187.5 ft), an exposed dolmen with multiple stones and an entrance. This is most prob...

Parthenon Greece Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power, it's construction is possibly connected with the island of Delos where congresses were held before being moved to Athens in 454 bc. The Parthenon is aligned east/west 13° and north/south 10°, and this would have been 3.77° less when constructed. Using measurements of length 74.67m and width 33.9m with height 18.99m for the Parthenon, the following are produced. Base area 74.67×33.9=2532m² CoG point 9.495m at 13.35° (9.73-9.495=23.5cms) Volume 2532×18.99=48082m³ (48082÷3600=13.35 angle of CoG) Side areas Front 33.9×18.99=643m² Side 74.67×18.99=1417m² Degrees 7×360=2520° Using these and applying them to seconds and degrees Seconds in hour 3600 Volume÷angle to cog=3600 48082÷13.35=3600 Seconds in day 86400 ...