Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa are located in Alexandria, Egypt. Half a kilometer to the northeast is the Serapeum of Alexandria, which is another archaeological site in the area. The Serapeum of Alexandria is considered to have been built by the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. Coordinates 31.178942, 29.893170 Description The site is thought to date to the Hellenistic period, and Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultural attributes can be found throughout. The site is considered to have three levels dug into the rock, being up to 35 meters deep. The Catacombs consist of a triclinium, dining room, rotunda, Hall of Caracalla, and sarcophagi. The entrance is from the southeast side near the staircase at a 40° angle. The Catacombs' size is 25 metres by 50 metres. It is thought the site was an earlier burial ground where visitors brought clay pots of food for themselves, leaving the pots as they departed. Hence, this is where the name derived from. Analysis The tomb...
Phaistos
Phaistos is the site of a former Minoan palace on Crete dating to 1850 bc. Of the sites dating to 1850 bc Phaistos remains with the fewest standing buildings. The site is said to have been inhabited as early as 4500-3200 bc, and these settlements were succeeded by the Prepalatial period 3200-1900 bc. Between 1900-1700 bc, the palace was rebuilt three times, then in 1700 bc destroyed by an earthquake with its ruins covered in a thick deposit of lime mixed with clay and pebbles. A new palace was built on this but also destroyed in 1450 bc. The palace wasn't rebuilt, but the surrounding area continued to be inhabited.
Unlike Phaistos, no such fate reached Knossos, but the city was abandoned between 1380-1100 bc.
Symbolism
The Phaistos Disc found at this location depicts mainly Mediterranean imagery. It was said to be found in the basement of the northern group of the palace in undisturbed material. Construction symbols on the stones of the palace have no connection with symbols on the disc, but both were about the same time. The symbols are both alignment marks and instructions for building. Various cup marks appear on palace floors both in Knossos and Phaistos and are said to date to the earlier period as they were built upon later.
1850 bc = 5.94425° of tilt
Although 1850 bc when the palace was constructed is 5.94° off maximum tilt, the palace is 2° less at 3.94°. This would equal as 695 ad and align north at this time with a difference of 3.94°. A further building to the south is angled at 65° so subtracting 2 equates to 63° or 27° towards the south. (23.43+3.94)−(27)=0.37°
Constellations
Finding a star or constellation that this could match with. Beta and Alpha Sextantis in the constellation Sextantis appear just below the equator.
Alpha Sextans -0.3716284°
Beta Sextans -0.6369718°
Although Beta Sextans is almost double Alpha Sextans equatorial distance, the overall difference from 0° is minimal and could be considered a straight line at right angles to Delta Sextans. (Beta and Alpha Sextans are the two brighter stars).
Although the palace is at right angles, there is a notable difference in the courtyard. One part seems to be aligned at 2° to 695 ad and the other side at 6° to maximum tilt. The 6° is angled towards the middle. A 6° line 3m long produces a vertical of 0.315m. For the 2° line to have a vertical of 0.315m, it would have to be 9.02m long. Only a 3° line would intersect through both points. With the angle, only an addition of both would produce 1° difference off 2° and not the 0.2653° angle between them (0.2653° being the difference between the stars).
The courtyard is even and not the extra 1.96m longer required onto the 2° side. This then can be interpreted as maximum tilt/difference/path up to palace=north alignment. As the angle of 0.37° is above the equator no line in a wall depicts the equator, except for possibly a path to the west of the palace which is in front of a raised open building approached by stairs. This is angled at 67° north, 90-67=23° and hence, this open building depicts the constellation Sextans.
Accurate measurements suggest it is a third of a degree greater at 23.33° making a difference of 0.1°, at 100m 0.1° equates to a variation of 17.5 cms.
Sextant
This then suggests that the palace was angled 1850 bc to the Sextan constellation. The name Sextan is Latin for the astronomical sextant, a device noted as appearing in 1731 used for navigation. There is no direct connection with the appearance of the sextant and increased sea travel as sea faring boats have been around since 2500 bc, sailors using stars and time for navigation.
Phaistos is the site of a former Minoan palace on Crete dating to 1850 bc. Of the sites dating to 1850 bc Phaistos remains with the fewest standing buildings. The site is said to have been inhabited as early as 4500-3200 bc, and these settlements were succeeded by the Prepalatial period 3200-1900 bc. Between 1900-1700 bc, the palace was rebuilt three times, then in 1700 bc destroyed by an earthquake with its ruins covered in a thick deposit of lime mixed with clay and pebbles. A new palace was built on this but also destroyed in 1450 bc. The palace wasn't rebuilt, but the surrounding area continued to be inhabited.
Unlike Phaistos, no such fate reached Knossos, but the city was abandoned between 1380-1100 bc.
Symbolism
The Phaistos Disc found at this location depicts mainly Mediterranean imagery. It was said to be found in the basement of the northern group of the palace in undisturbed material. Construction symbols on the stones of the palace have no connection with symbols on the disc, but both were about the same time. The symbols are both alignment marks and instructions for building. Various cup marks appear on palace floors both in Knossos and Phaistos and are said to date to the earlier period as they were built upon later.
1850 bc = 5.94425° of tilt
Although 1850 bc when the palace was constructed is 5.94° off maximum tilt, the palace is 2° less at 3.94°. This would equal as 695 ad and align north at this time with a difference of 3.94°. A further building to the south is angled at 65° so subtracting 2 equates to 63° or 27° towards the south. (23.43+3.94)−(27)=0.37°
Constellations
Finding a star or constellation that this could match with. Beta and Alpha Sextantis in the constellation Sextantis appear just below the equator.
Alpha Sextans -0.3716284°
Beta Sextans -0.6369718°
Although Beta Sextans is almost double Alpha Sextans equatorial distance, the overall difference from 0° is minimal and could be considered a straight line at right angles to Delta Sextans. (Beta and Alpha Sextans are the two brighter stars).
Although the palace is at right angles, there is a notable difference in the courtyard. One part seems to be aligned at 2° to 695 ad and the other side at 6° to maximum tilt. The 6° is angled towards the middle. A 6° line 3m long produces a vertical of 0.315m. For the 2° line to have a vertical of 0.315m, it would have to be 9.02m long. Only a 3° line would intersect through both points. With the angle, only an addition of both would produce 1° difference off 2° and not the 0.2653° angle between them (0.2653° being the difference between the stars).
The courtyard is even and not the extra 1.96m longer required onto the 2° side. This then can be interpreted as maximum tilt/difference/path up to palace=north alignment. As the angle of 0.37° is above the equator no line in a wall depicts the equator, except for possibly a path to the west of the palace which is in front of a raised open building approached by stairs. This is angled at 67° north, 90-67=23° and hence, this open building depicts the constellation Sextans.
Accurate measurements suggest it is a third of a degree greater at 23.33° making a difference of 0.1°, at 100m 0.1° equates to a variation of 17.5 cms.
Sextant
This then suggests that the palace was angled 1850 bc to the Sextan constellation. The name Sextan is Latin for the astronomical sextant, a device noted as appearing in 1731 used for navigation. There is no direct connection with the appearance of the sextant and increased sea travel as sea faring boats have been around since 2500 bc, sailors using stars and time for navigation.
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