Gorsedd Circle The Gorsedd Cir cle is a stone circle in Fishguard, Wa les. T he Gorsedd Stone s are a Welsh tradition of modern stone circles constructed for the National Eisteddfod of Wales. These stone circles can be found at several locations, including Ab erdare Park and A nglesey. They are typically 20 meters wide and have 12 stones on the circumference with a level stone in the circle. A further stone is usually set back from the circumference, the central stone is called the Logan Stone. Coordinates 51.996431,-4.975040 Stone Circle Gorsedd Circle is a typical stone circle but has 13 stones on the circumference with one inset. It was erected in 1936 and has the names of the parishes inscribed on each stone. Ceremony During the opening ceremony, the Archdruid stands on the Logan Stone facing the Stone of the Covenant. Two stones mark the entrance and are called the Portal Stones. These mar k the midsummer and midwinter sunrises. Gorsedd Circle (no edit) Archeology77 ©
Newgrange
By the time Grange Stone Circle was built in 3249 bc a significant community was already present in the area, this is because stone circles were rarely lived-in structures, and they took a large group to build. The community could have originated from the Newgrange area, and they could have been established for 260 years based on other builds and the size of it's construction. A distinct correlation also exists with Gravinis, an older Neolithic tomb in Brittany. Taking the style of the building and building their own in a similar distinct style suggests that Gravinis had been altered at some time as it doesn't conform to the sculpted style of the latter. The similarity continues, it has a height of 12m to the building and a capstone but is much higher above sea level, orientated towards southwest at 47.5° (36° Gravinis) and a distinct variation to the entrance passage which held some meaning with the overall build.
Trees would have been common place in the countryside and may have been as near as the walkway when built, receding away when used for firewood and farm land, but also possibly replanted.
Newgrange has a width of 76m (at widest point) and height of 12m and would have been mostly constructed in the way that it is today (possibly built on an older site) with the later addition of the large stones at the entrance and woodland.
The way the Neolithic people built their Cairns and sculptures would be to erect the vertical supports, then fill the area with dirt so as to be able to drag the capstones onto the structure. With Cairns, the dirt would be removed, but here they would continue piling it on. The white quartz cobblestones front surround acts as decoration, which has the effect of increasing the light falling onto it. They might have been aware of this before construction. With the similarities with Gravinis, notably the structure and construction methods, there is a difference in construction of 1142 years.
(4,655+1,985)−(3513+1,985)=1142 years
The entrance passage is 19m long with 22/21 stones making up the walls, with a total length of 89' or 27m, 49m short of the overall depth, and 21' or 6.3m wide.
The entrance may have been filled by the kerbstones that surround the structure at a later date, taking them from the side of the building.
Separate measurements for the monument give 80/85m depth/width, giving an average perimeter of 260m. This number could represent 260° of daylight at this location, but a current summer solstice is 267.32°. Construction material was known to have been collected from a number of locations, including along the river, with Neolithic wooden boats being recently discovered. A more suitable location for this angle would be around Cornwall and possibly linking to a construction there.
Precession of the Moon
Of the standing stones, the important ones are the seven at the front. These feature precession of the moon, a curve that is used on Woodhenge to extract the primers. Later, the Ring of Brodgar uses similar coding and later still Dendera Zodiac.
Apsidal precession as it is called occurs every 8.85 years (3233 days), this is also used on Khafre's pyramid linking the golden ratio to the pyramids as it links the slopes and volume by √(Ļ). Golden ratios are made up of increasing cubes, Khafre's interpretation has an 8.85 cubit cube at 60.06 × 111.2 cubits east off the pyramid's side although no longer exists.
History
Of all the history that is connected to the site, the following is included due to the dates.
Newgrange sometime after 1142 became part of farmland owned by the Cistercian Abbey of Mellifont. These farms were referred to as 'granges'. Newgrange is not mentioned until an Inspeximus granted by Edward III in 1348 includes a Nova Grangia among the demesnelands of the abbey.
Reason for including these are the similarity with number to dates appearing with connections to obliquity, tilt, and dating.
Chambers
Although there is disagreement with age and purpose, another is the internal arrangement. The winter solstice light is said to illuminate the back wall on this day due to the angle.
Alignment 47.5° front to back, 42.5° side to side, 41° with side wall.
Coordinates 53.694716,-6.475566
Angles from centre to standing stones and then differences. The entrance standing stone is best measured at 49° to the centre. Although a 47.5° angle best measures front to back, an outer stone confirms this 47.5° angle.
36,55,74,87,68,(49),39,29
19,19,19,19,19,()10,10
Interpretation
The 29° stone can be considered as a marker and gives a value of sunrise at 3247 bc.
8.11÷1.55=5.2322
5.2322×1000=5232.258
5232.258−1985=3247.258
This value by itself would be enough to date it to 3247 bc. This stone would have cast a shadow on the white quartz wall by the curve in 3247 bc, and in 2405 bc would cast a shadow on the 74° stone, and in 659 ad would cast a shadow on the 87° stone and in 2020 would cast a shadow on the 68° stone 19° separation.
The final stones are -13° and -1.75°. This could be tilt and obliquity, as a difference from maximum tilt and 1.75° for obliquity for that point. This would then be 7° and 1.75°. This is assuming the ends stones are meant to align at this angle east/west 1985. If not, then it is 1.75° from alignment (equal to 1129 years, a number divided by 940 giving 1.20°).
The furthest left stones confirm 2° and the furthest right confirms 7° adding with 1.7737° (from obliquity) gives a forward date of 6455 years past 2013 (6485 past 1985).
The 19°/10° around the 49° front stone could suggest the following, from later circles, they suggest 10 and noughts.
1,1,1,1,1,(),0,0 or 2,2,2,2,2,(),1,1
From other circles produces 5,(),0,0 the () suggests a number should go in it's location, 49° is this stone's angle so putting in 4,9 gives 5,4,9,0.
5,490−1,985=3505 bc
This is 2.7 years from 3507.7 bc.
Obliquity
7°=0.5283
Using 7.5283° aligns with the date of 2531 bc and would have daylight at 47.5°-7.5283° enter exactly at sunrise but using 1.75° obliquity 23.43+1.75−24.456=0.742 after peak and so effectively be 23.732° with a difference of 0.2263°.
Tilt
7°=2531 bc
Coincidentally this final stone can still be at 19° if put into the ditch that runs around the outside, this could have actually occurred when the building was sealed and left as a tomb, using a marker stone from that location.
Also, if the building is rotated so as to face due south a +2° angle is aligned east/west, subtracting 0.2263 gives an angle of 1.7737° (instead of 1.75). Adding with 7° gives a date of 3675 bc.
By the time Grange Stone Circle was built in 3249 bc a significant community was already present in the area, this is because stone circles were rarely lived-in structures, and they took a large group to build. The community could have originated from the Newgrange area, and they could have been established for 260 years based on other builds and the size of it's construction. A distinct correlation also exists with Gravinis, an older Neolithic tomb in Brittany. Taking the style of the building and building their own in a similar distinct style suggests that Gravinis had been altered at some time as it doesn't conform to the sculpted style of the latter. The similarity continues, it has a height of 12m to the building and a capstone but is much higher above sea level, orientated towards southwest at 47.5° (36° Gravinis) and a distinct variation to the entrance passage which held some meaning with the overall build.
Trees would have been common place in the countryside and may have been as near as the walkway when built, receding away when used for firewood and farm land, but also possibly replanted.
Newgrange has a width of 76m (at widest point) and height of 12m and would have been mostly constructed in the way that it is today (possibly built on an older site) with the later addition of the large stones at the entrance and woodland.
The way the Neolithic people built their Cairns and sculptures would be to erect the vertical supports, then fill the area with dirt so as to be able to drag the capstones onto the structure. With Cairns, the dirt would be removed, but here they would continue piling it on. The white quartz cobblestones front surround acts as decoration, which has the effect of increasing the light falling onto it. They might have been aware of this before construction. With the similarities with Gravinis, notably the structure and construction methods, there is a difference in construction of 1142 years.
(4,655+1,985)−(3513+1,985)=1142 years
The entrance passage is 19m long with 22/21 stones making up the walls, with a total length of 89' or 27m, 49m short of the overall depth, and 21' or 6.3m wide.
The entrance may have been filled by the kerbstones that surround the structure at a later date, taking them from the side of the building.
Separate measurements for the monument give 80/85m depth/width, giving an average perimeter of 260m. This number could represent 260° of daylight at this location, but a current summer solstice is 267.32°. Construction material was known to have been collected from a number of locations, including along the river, with Neolithic wooden boats being recently discovered. A more suitable location for this angle would be around Cornwall and possibly linking to a construction there.
Precession of the Moon
Of the standing stones, the important ones are the seven at the front. These feature precession of the moon, a curve that is used on Woodhenge to extract the primers. Later, the Ring of Brodgar uses similar coding and later still Dendera Zodiac.
Apsidal precession as it is called occurs every 8.85 years (3233 days), this is also used on Khafre's pyramid linking the golden ratio to the pyramids as it links the slopes and volume by √(Ļ). Golden ratios are made up of increasing cubes, Khafre's interpretation has an 8.85 cubit cube at 60.06 × 111.2 cubits east off the pyramid's side although no longer exists.
History
Of all the history that is connected to the site, the following is included due to the dates.
Newgrange sometime after 1142 became part of farmland owned by the Cistercian Abbey of Mellifont. These farms were referred to as 'granges'. Newgrange is not mentioned until an Inspeximus granted by Edward III in 1348 includes a Nova Grangia among the demesnelands of the abbey.
Reason for including these are the similarity with number to dates appearing with connections to obliquity, tilt, and dating.
Chambers
Although there is disagreement with age and purpose, another is the internal arrangement. The winter solstice light is said to illuminate the back wall on this day due to the angle.
Alignment 47.5° front to back, 42.5° side to side, 41° with side wall.
Coordinates 53.694716,-6.475566
Angles from centre to standing stones and then differences. The entrance standing stone is best measured at 49° to the centre. Although a 47.5° angle best measures front to back, an outer stone confirms this 47.5° angle.
36,55,74,87,68,(49),39,29
19,19,19,19,19,()10,10
Interpretation
The 29° stone can be considered as a marker and gives a value of sunrise at 3247 bc.
8.11÷1.55=5.2322
5.2322×1000=5232.258
5232.258−1985=3247.258
This value by itself would be enough to date it to 3247 bc. This stone would have cast a shadow on the white quartz wall by the curve in 3247 bc, and in 2405 bc would cast a shadow on the 74° stone, and in 659 ad would cast a shadow on the 87° stone and in 2020 would cast a shadow on the 68° stone 19° separation.
The final stones are -13° and -1.75°. This could be tilt and obliquity, as a difference from maximum tilt and 1.75° for obliquity for that point. This would then be 7° and 1.75°. This is assuming the ends stones are meant to align at this angle east/west 1985. If not, then it is 1.75° from alignment (equal to 1129 years, a number divided by 940 giving 1.20°).
The furthest left stones confirm 2° and the furthest right confirms 7° adding with 1.7737° (from obliquity) gives a forward date of 6455 years past 2013 (6485 past 1985).
The 19°/10° around the 49° front stone could suggest the following, from later circles, they suggest 10 and noughts.
1,1,1,1,1,(),0,0 or 2,2,2,2,2,(),1,1
From other circles produces 5,(),0,0 the () suggests a number should go in it's location, 49° is this stone's angle so putting in 4,9 gives 5,4,9,0.
5,490−1,985=3505 bc
This is 2.7 years from 3507.7 bc.
Obliquity
7°=0.5283
Using 7.5283° aligns with the date of 2531 bc and would have daylight at 47.5°-7.5283° enter exactly at sunrise but using 1.75° obliquity 23.43+1.75−24.456=0.742 after peak and so effectively be 23.732° with a difference of 0.2263°.
Tilt
7°=2531 bc
Coincidentally this final stone can still be at 19° if put into the ditch that runs around the outside, this could have actually occurred when the building was sealed and left as a tomb, using a marker stone from that location.
Also, if the building is rotated so as to face due south a +2° angle is aligned east/west, subtracting 0.2263 gives an angle of 1.7737° (instead of 1.75). Adding with 7° gives a date of 3675 bc.
Another interruption of 7°/0.5283° is the duration of daylight for dec/jan. This then would equal 7hrs 31mins 42secs and not to dissimilar from 1st Jan 2020 at this location, a duration of 7hrs 32mins 33secs.
With the precession of the equinoxes, it is said that the seasons rotate and then repeat every 20000 years. Using the three dates and applying rotation.
3675 (5695) 104 days
3507 (5527) 100.93 days
3249 (5269) 96.22 days
Winter Solstice
Winter solstice was on 22nd December 2019 (21stDec 2020). In the dates stated above, it would have been on 27th March, 1st, and 4th of April, and this would make it occur 1/2 weeks after the spring equinox in these years.
27th March
Daylight 12hrs 42mins 48secs
Sunrise 08:10:18 at -0.833°
Azimuth of 317.27°
1st April
Daylight 13hrs 04mins 12secs
Sunrise 07:58:07 at -0.833°
Azimuth of 318.5°
4th April
Daylight 13hrs 16mins 59secs
Sunrise 07:50:51 at -0.833°
Azimuth of 319.21°
Conclusion
Geophysical and lidar measurements in January 2013 produced a gravity anomaly near the entrance (this was probably not reinforcement of the passage with a concrete slab).
Geophysical and lidar measurements in January 2013 produced a gravity anomaly near the entrance (this was probably not reinforcement of the passage with a concrete slab).
One possibility was an adjustment after construction, and the anomaly is about the location of the bend in the passage. By adjusting the passage width, lowering and angling the supporting stones played a purpose by reducing the light entering.
This might have been better for a tomb that wasn't full. It might have also prevented cattle wandering into the tomb.
Measurements as recently as last winter's solstice do show the sun reaching the back wall even if this was an alteration. The stone facade, when measured with the centre, gives an angle of 155°. The two numbers 8.513 and 1.7737 produce a number very near peak obliquity subtracting 1985 gives a number very near to 4655. The difference off the date 3507.7 and 3249 is 259, very near to 259/260 daylight angle in Cornwall.
The year 3249 bc could be a time of further construction or settlement in the area. The tomb may have been used as a main building around which other buildings were erected, including the stone circle. The light box could be a later addition. They measured their date there from peak obliquity and, in turn, had been on Gravinis.
The year 3249 bc could be a time of further construction or settlement in the area. The tomb may have been used as a main building around which other buildings were erected, including the stone circle. The light box could be a later addition. They measured their date there from peak obliquity and, in turn, had been on Gravinis.
The standing stones link to 3249 bc with the tomb dating to the difference off of peak to an earlier date of 3310 bc.
If the angle of 7.5282° or 7°/0.5282° could mean 7hrs 31mins 42secs for dec/jan or winter solstice then the daylight on 1st April (most likely as it was 100 days or 90+10) would be 13hrs 04mins 12secs or 13.068°.
If the angle was for the winter solstice, then it could be considered as forward aligned to maximum tilt. The 13.068° isn't the 19° but is 5hr 9mins 32sec less (5.932).
If the 13.068° was 90+13.068 days, then the year would be 3659 bc.
The tilt and obliquity angle of 7.5283 would fit if the construction was 2513 bc but is more likely before 3249 bc and gives an angle of 0.6127°. This means daylight would light multiple areas at sunrise due to its short duration of 17 minutes in its current arrangement. Unnarrowed and without the light box light would have filled the tomb like water into a glass.
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